Summarizes and analyzes the responses to a survey of North Carolina cities and counties to determine how they have used the zoning variance power. Reviews administrative aspects of variance practice; including which local boards make these decisions; the experience and training of board members, their workloads; and the fees charged. Also discusses how variance hearings are conducted; including the time spent on cases; the role of staff, attorneys, and witnesses; and the preparation of findings. Reports what types of variances are granted, the various factors that influence decisions, and zoning administrators' perceptions of how variance decisions impact their communities.