Criminal Contempt on the Web

Published for NC Criminal Law on February 11, 2021.

Every practicing attorney and judge has by now likely seen the video of the Texas attorney who appeared at a court hearing conducted via Zoom in the form of a fluffy, white kitten. “I’m here live. I’m not a cat,” has emerged as the mantra of the week. The enthusiasm with which the recording has been shared reflects both the ubiquity of web-based hearings and the technological mishaps that can derail them. But technology is not the only thing that can go awry in a remote proceeding. Sometimes the problems are more fundamentally human, arising from behaviors that, were they committed in the courtroom, might lead to a finding of direct criminal contempt. Repeatedly talking over a judge or another litigant, arguing with a judge after having been asked to be quiet, cursing at a judge or another person present, using a racial slur, or appearing in a state of undress are examples. When a person engages in this sort of behavior in a remote proceeding, may the judge summarily punish the act as direct criminal contempt? Or must the judge issue an order to show cause and address the contemptuous behavior in a subsequent proceeding? Contempt, generally.  My now-retired colleague, Michael Crowell, wrote a comprehensive article about contempt that is available here.  Michael addressed therein the distinction between criminal and civil contempt, the statutory grounds for contempt, and the procedural requirements for determining and sanctioning contempt. This post addresses a narrower issue: Is contemptuous behavior committed during a remote proceeding [...]