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Cities and counties have a range of methods available to enforce their ordinances. One method is by criminal (or infraction) enforcement, with the punishment usually being payment of a fine (or, in the case of an infraction, a penalty). A second is by civil enforcement through an action in the nature of debt, with the punishment being payment of a penalty. Local governing boards may...

This bulletin reviews the Quon decision, considers subsequent cases interpreting and applying Quon, and offers concluding thoughts and recommendations to school employers regarding their acceptable use and technology policies and practice.

Each ratified act discussed here is identified by its chapter number in the session laws and the number of the original bill. When an act creates new sections in the North Carolina General Statutes (hereinafter G.S.), the section number is given; however, the codifier of statutes may change that number later. Copies of bills may be viewed on the General Assembly’s website at http://www.ncleg....